In a publication from the historical studies journal “Omaly sy Anio” (No. 15, 1982), researchers Bakoly Domenichini-Ramiaramanana and Jean-Pierre Domenichini explored the history of the Andevo (slaves) under the Merina monarchy. Their study, based on legislative texts and administrative reports, sheds light on the reality of slavery during the final years of the monarchy.
The researchers analyzed documents including reports from French Resident-General Hippolyte Laroche, speeches by Prince Ramahatra, and circulars from Prime Minister Rasanjy. These documents reveal that slavery was deeply entrenched, with the state even profiting from the “horrible clandestine trade” through registration taxes. Contrary to some historical misconceptions, Laroche’s decree to abolish slavery was a calculated move, supported by a local commission that assessed the situation in Imerina.
Data from the period shows that slaves accounted for over one-third of the population in Imerina, with 216,697 slaves (36.19%) recorded against 337,637 free subjects and 44,354 nobles. Interestingly, slaves were not considered subjects of the Queen, which may have mitigated royal opposition to their emancipation.
The study also notes that not all slaves were destitute; some owned property or assets, though they remained legally classified as “minors” and required their masters’ permission to dispose of their belongings. While some masters were harsh, others provided for their dependents, ensuring their subsistence. The abolition of slavery was a significant turning point that many in Antananarivo had already anticipated by the eve of the French protectorate.
Captured & Published at: 2026-08-17 06:23:52 (Madagascar Local Time EAT)
Original Source: https://www.lexpress.mg/2026/08/le-tiers-de-la-population-merina.html